Managing Induction Process for Health and Social Care or...

Unit 523 Managing induction process for health and social care or children and young people’s settings. 01.1 purpose of induction Induction is the first piece of learning a worker undertakes when joining the social care sector or a new organisation. These Common Induction Standards (CIS) have been designed to provide a structured start for workers in the first 12 weeks of employment, which will help ensure that they are then safe to leave alone with responsibility for the people they support. But when workers are expected to perform any tasks that are not covered by the CIS, appropriate training must be provided before the work is undertaken. There are eight standards that the induction should cover these are. Standard 1 Role of the†¦show more content†¦* Self-evaluation: ask the person to describe how they think they are progressing. * Observation: direct observation of how the person is performing in their role. * Feedback: from people who use the service and their close networks as well as colleagues. * Reflection: ask the person to reflect on an aspect of their work, usually a specific i ncident, and explain what they learned from it. * Questions: to test the person understanding of a topic in more depth. * Evidence: of accredited training in a particular area. 01.3 The successfully completed induction demonstrates that a worker has the basic Information necessary for work in social care. However it should also enable the person to identify other areas in which they may need further training to develop their skills for further progression. The induction process for a new worker may reveal that the worker needs additional help in order to meet the functional levels of language, literacy and numeracy which the manager considers necessary for them to do their job properly. This area of work is crucial to increasing the skills of the social care workforce and ensuring the well-being of the people being supported. The successfully completed induction demonstrates that a worker has the basic information necessary for work in social care. There will be some tasks; however, thatShow MoreRelatedManagement and Manager Induction Standards9580 Words   |  39 PagesManager induction standards Standards for managers new in post in adult social care, including those managing their own support workers 2012 ‘Refreshed’ web edition, with guidance and certificate we help employers to manage their workforces Contents Introduction Core standards 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Governance and accountability Systems and processes to promote communication Partnership working and relationships Using person-centred practice to achieve positive outcomes Team leadership and managementRead MoreLeadership for Health and Social Care and Children65584 Words   |  263 PagesQUALIFICATION HANDBOOK Level 5 Diploma in Leadership for Health and Social Care and Children and Young People’s Services (England) (3978-51/52/53/54/55/56) December 2011 Version 2.1 (July 2011) Qualification at a glance Subject area City Guilds number Age group approved Entry requirements Assessment Fast track Level 5 Diploma in Leadership for Health and Social Care and Children and Young People’s Services (England) 3978 19+ There are no entry requirements Portfolio of Evidence, PracticalRead MoreCashe Level 2 Essay example18123 Words   |  73 PagesCACHE Qualification Specification CACHE Level 2 Certificate for the Children and Young People’s Workforce (QCF) CACHE Level 2 Certificate for the Children and Young People’s Workforce (QCF)  © CACHE 2011 Except as allowed by law, or where specified in the text, no part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior permission from the Council for Awards in Care, Health and Education. 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The Key to Successful Persuasive Essay Social Media Topics Beneficial to the Society

The Key to Successful Persuasive Essay Social Media Topics Beneficial to the Society Introducing Persuasive Essay Social Media Topics Beneficial to the Society The significance of social media cannot be ignored since it plays an extremely crucial part in our lives today. To conclude, society has benefitted greatly from social networking networks and provides a large number of advantages for a number of reasons. Over the past decade, social media has undoubtedly altered the way that people communicate. According to different research studies in the area of online social networks, Online social media have gained astounding worldwide rise and popularity that has led to attracting attention from number of researchers globally. Where to Find Persuasive Essay Social Media Topics Beneficial to the Society Normally, having three important arguments to demonstrate your point is sufficient for a convincing paper. If you can select the matter all on your own, it's possible to produce t he issue of interest! To choose which subject you're likely to discuss, it's crucial to see the complete collection of good persuasive speech topics from the specific area of study. Because of this, you might want to think about a few topics before settling on the one which permits you to be more descriptive and entertaining. Your topic choice may differ based on particular intent. Controversial topics work nicely for speeches and essays, since they typically evoke strong opinions on either side. Still, figuring out the ideal topic for your essay isn't your only concern for a student. Deciding on the correct topic for a persuasive speech can be not such an easy issue to do as it might seem. The Fundamentals of Persuasive Essay Social Media Topics Beneficial to the Society That You Can Benefit From Starting Immediately Instead of just immediately writing about your argumentative essay topic, you first have to think about what it is that you're likely to put back on your paper through a procedure of brainstorming and pre-writing. Overall, you can observe that writing a persuasive essay isn't a brain surgery. The above mentioned collection of essay topics is going to aid you in writing school essays of distinct types punctually. Nowadays there are lots of subjects offered for those seeking to compose good, argumentative essays. Type of Persuasive Essay Social Media Topics Beneficial to the Society Social anxiety can put kids and teens in fear of the actual Earth, and make them turn into socially-isolated. A study performed by the National Alliance of Mental Illness in 2011 proved that those who feel socially-isolated are at heightened risk of suicide. Social media ought to be an entertaining thing for all people to be in a position to play games, and connect with distant family and friends. They is regarded as an addiction and many people are becoming addicts every day. Persuasive Essay Social Media Topics Beneficial to the Society Ideas Through social websites, folks get proper diet chart plans from gym trainers which aids people to remain healthier and fit. In reality there's drastic change when compared with the early years where kids used to devote a lot time with one another or parents playing or simply sharing stories. The very first reason social media has helped is because it allows you to keep in contact with friends and family members. Having 4000 friends on Facebook might force you to feel you have tons of friends, but you need no face-to-face contact. Introducing Persuasive Essay Social Media Topics Beneficial to the Society A text or instant message, via one of the many social media websites, is the way the bulk of people these days interact with each other. The ease and simplicity of access contributes to social media and network addictions. In a nutshell, social media can give lots of information for its user requirements. Although social media like Facebook, has helped broaden education into various outlets besides the conventional classroom, there are a few questions a lot of people have about how safe these on-line environments are. Help your social networking followers by responding to comments, liking different comments, follow clients and partners and offer a shout out to those who have supported you. It's always simpler to say, well, go read the guide!' Sharing a true customer testimonial can help increase your persuasiveness by applying this notion. Why Almost Everything You've Learned About Persuasive Essay Social Media Topics Beneficial to the Society Is Wrong Social networking is a rising trends on the planet today. Social networking is among the biggest elements that we live with and cannot ignore it. They is widely used to create awareness for causes that are important for the society. Social networking makes much easier for the people to cooperate with one another, either for business purposes or socially, by sitting anywhere on earth. Perhaps, there are several concerns as soon as it comes to the notion of using social media. Especially, it's important that we understand and regulate using social networking by young children. Since you can see, we have to understand and regulate using social networking by young children. Based on your audience, you might decide to research different aspects of your preferred controversial topics. All the topics are highly intriguing and new that is likely to assist you in doing online dedicated research also. Information is currently shared freely between them both. As tempting as it might appear to skip past the extra info and go straight to the list of persuasive essay topics, don't do it.

Courts Obsession with Precedent Blinds

Question: Discuss, To what extent does courts obsession with precedent blinds them to achive justice? Answer: It is very normal for the judges in the legal system across the globe to come to conclusions with regards the cases basis the decisions and pronouncements made in the earlier court cases. This is how are legal system across the globe has been built. The said system has become an indispensible part of the legal system and there are times judges tend to follow the same blindfolded. This may lead to defeating of the very purpose of providing justice to the innocent. Although the precedent cases may help to provide the judge with the decisions that can be pronounced but if the circumstance is not same in all forms then the same should be reviewed and individual judgmental factors should form a part of the judgement. But even though he has to use his own judiciary knowledge while taking a decision, the same should be in line with the previous pronouncements. However some deviations are attached to the said concept of following the precedence[1]. Every case has something different; hence the judge should make decisions only after understanding the details of the case. He can take an independent decision and make new judgements but within the boundaries of the common law that is spelt out by the judiciary. In such cases the earlier judgements may act as a guide which would help them to take decisions. Thus it does not blind the courts and the judges to take decisions basis the precedence for the achievement of justice in totality[2]. There is application of the other laws applicable and the precedent cases act as a guidance to take proper decisions. It even helps to defend if the decisions taken by the judges of the lower courts are further challenged by the sufferer in the higher benches of the judicial structure. In that scenario the basis of decisions pronounced are elaborated which helps to solve the issue smoothly. If someone is convicted of committing a crime then the approach is somewhat similar. The Criminal Code has defined what the maximum and the minimum penalty can be and basis this they pronounce decisions depending upon the veracity of the crime committed. The judge should not make a decision basis the previous decisions simply by reviewing the case blindly. He should understand the seriousness of the crime, the people who are affected because of the same, the background of the offender and if there seems to be an option for rehabilitation[3]. They refer previous judgements just to ensure that there are no unfair decisions taken. Thus even in the criminal offence the same acts as a guide[4]. Therefore it is understood that the courts take decisions basis the previous judgements but are not dependent fully for the same. They do use their own judgemental attributes as well. Thus blind dependence is not there, in fact judges use the decisions taken by the eminent judges for similar situations help them to act is a more wiser manner and prevent them to take any wrong decision[5]. Thus they are not compulsorily binding except in certain circumstances. The stance where the previous legal proceedings decisions are binding on the judges is known as stare decisis. The said phrase means that we should follows what the decisions have already been made and not make efforts to disturb the undisturbed. The said principle has two parts, firstly where any decisions has been manifested by the supreme court of a country, the same becomes binding over the other lower courts. The second principle states that any decision given by the courts lower than the Supreme Court can be used as guidan ce but it is not obligatory for the judges to follow the precedence blindly[6]. There have been instances where the lower courts have made pronouncements which are not totally in line with the previous judgements made in the higher courts. In such a scenario they are to defend and explain as to why the same is different from the binding precedence. Basis an appeal made by the deciding court, decision can be taken in contrast to the defined precedent of the case. Further if there is no appeal made by the party who loses the case, then the decision made by the appellate court is considered to be final and binding as well[7]. This Common Law system is basically found in England and United States of America. Many theorists and eminent scholars have argued that there may be instances when reasoning basis a precedent may not be similar to what one would have decided if the judicial rules were applied. Even though the case backgrounds are similar to the previous already pronounced case, yet the same may not be rational. Cases which are same and similar should not be treated at the same level. It is very important to understand that the previous decisions are not bound to constitute laws. These decisions have come to picture due to the applicability of the constituted laws by the judicial authority. However this fact cannot be denied that these precedents have acted as an auxiliary part in settling down of issues[8]. The courts obsession to follow the precedents blindly acts as a hindrance to the achievement of justice as there are two main issues firstly the constitution of law has lead to emergence of the precedents, then how can the same be treated as a part of the law. Secondly there may be instances when the previous decisions may be erroneous, then why make it part of the constitute. The independence of the judges is also hampered. They may be taking a correct decision but on getting bounded by the earlier decisions may end up taking incorrect decisions thus can also lead to punishing the innocent and rewarding the guilty[9]. The blind following of precedence does affect the achievement of justice due to the rigidity of following what is pronounced. It makes the system inflexible and the judges lack application of their own wit. Judges should understand that the doctrine of stare decisis is not compulsorily to be followed. It is to be followed as a guide. It is also to be understood that reliance on the constitution is better than relying upon the unconstituted decisions which may be even erroneous in some circumstances[10]. Thus the same can be summarized by stating that precedents help the judges to take sound decisions but total dependency on the same affects the very law of providing justice. Some precedents are bounded and there is no escape from the same. However judges may try to defend the case not basis the binding precedent but the same is a difficult stance. Some precedence are persuasive in nature whereby the earlier pronouncement can be used as a guide and does not necessitates to act in accordance to the precedent spelt out. Thus total dependence upon the precedence rule may end up leading to take hasty decisions at times also. Thus a judge should also use his own knowledge base and analyze all the aspects of a case, pay heed to the smallest of evidences and apply rationality while arriving at a cases judgment. Bibliography Niblett A, Do Judges Cherry Pick Precedents to Justify Extra Legal Decisions? : A Statistical Examination, University of Chicago law School, (2010) https://chicagounbound.uchicago.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=11502context=journal_articles Accessed 22 August 2016 Cscja-acjcs.ca, How Judges Make Decisions (2006) https://www.cscja-acjcs.ca/judges_decisions-en.asp?l=5 accessed 22 August 2016 Sherwin E, A Defence of analogical Reasoning in Law University of Chicago Law Review(1991) page 1179-1197 Lamond G, Do Precedents Create Rules? Legal Theory, (volume 15, 2005) Perell P M, Stare decisis and techniques of legal reasoning and legal argument The Canadian legal Research and Writing Guide (1987) https://legalresearch.org/writing-analysis/stare-decisis-techniques/ Accessed 22 August 2016 Brian P, Do Judges Really Have To Follow Precedent ? https://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/explainer/2009/07/do_judges_really_have_to_follow_precedent.html Accessed 22 August 2016 Cross R and Harris J W, Precedent In English law (4th ed Clarendon Press 1991) Brewer S, Exemplary reasoning Semantics , Pragmatics and the rational Force of Legal Arguments by Analogy Harvard Law Review (March 1996) https://www.jstor.org/stable/1342258 accessed 22 August 2016 Stanford Encyclopaedia of Philosophy, Precedent and Analogy in Legal Reasoning (First published on June 20th 2006) https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/legal-reas-prec/ accessed 22 August 2016 Burton S J, Law and Legal Reasoning (2nd Edn, Little Brown 1995)

Love in the Western World Essay Example Essay Example

Love in the Western World Essay Example Paper Love in the Western World Essay Introduction This paper will trace in general the different views on love as expressed by the different speakers in Plato’s Symposium and explore in detail the theories of Eros, Philia, Storge and Agape and the bearing it has on the notions of erotic love, filial love, sacrificial love and spiritual love. Another area that will be drawn into focus is the theory of â€Å"platonic love† based on Plato’s hypothesis. The context of the symposium is a get-together of the students of Socrates who get to talking and decide to take turns and speak in praise of Eros, the God of Love.Of the speakers Phaedrus speaks first and talks about the virtuosity Eros promotes in those who experience love. He talks about the awareness that true love can inspire in humans so that man becomes conscious of the noble qualities of honor, loyalty, courage and fidelity.Pausanius is the next to speak and dwells on the different kinds of love, from the common banal love to the higher, spiritual kind of lov e. The earthy love is not as noble as the intellectual love which is more faithful and elevates the mind and is completely devoid of desire. According to him the pursuit of higher knowledge and wisdom is the more honorable and the wantonness of physical love is shameful.Eryximachus talks about the concept of good love that helps man to be judicious and methodical. Eryximachus is a doctor and philosopher and talks about love beyond relationships, about intellectualism, the love of ideas, concepts and the fine arts like music. He speaks of the advantages love brings to humans, the most important being the ability to discern between honor and dishonor. He believes that there are opposing kinds of loves in every living being including animals and plants. However, true love is achieved through a synthesis of these opposing elements and that it can be the fountain and source of power, friendship and happiness (Plato’s Symposium).Aristophanes, the jester and humorist came up with th e concept of love as man in search of his soul mate and partner in order to feel one complete whole. He talks about man being split into half by Zeus for threatening to over run the Gods. Later Zeus modified his terrible act and allowed the two halves to marry as man and woman. It is said that ever since the two halves have been in search of the other.Socrates himself speaks last of all and talks of love as being the human desire for knowledge, wisdom and beauty. Love is the desire for what is beautiful and may not necessarily mean beauty in itself. According to Socrates love is the mere interface between what he desires and the object of his desire. When man has achieved real love he will be able to create beauty, conceptualize perfection and become wise and virtuous.In Greek mythology Eros is one of the three oldest Gods along with Cronos and Chaos and stands for love. The word ‘erotic’ is derived from the God of love, Eros, who encourages and endorses all those who s eek him to perform acts of virtue and merit. As has been mentioned before, all those present at the party or symposium have laid down their postulates and have spoken about different kinds of love and what it does for man. To further explore the concept of the various kinds of love let us consider the broad definition of these categories: Agape, Storge, Philia and Eros.Agape stands for spiritual love, the kind of love God has for his creatures and the love man strives to return. This kind of love transcends physical boundaries and is a higher form of love which finds fulfillment in just being there. It kindles spirituality and is perfection itself. Nothing can tarnish this kind of love and to most mortals seems almost impossible to attain. We can find examples of this kind of love in Christianity. In literature, I have found this kind of love being depicted in certain kinds of love lyrics that belong to the Renaissance age. In Petrarch’s poetry for instance, the poet’s object of desire, the enigmatic Laura, is continually shown as someone unreachable. Laura’s eyes are compared to stars; her face is often described as being so radiant as to make looking at her impossible. This imagery often ties up with how the apprehension of God is described in Christianity. Here, the conflict between Eros and Agape is continually present. The poet often feels helplessly tied between the demands of the earthier, physical Eros and the spiritual, the allegedly purer kind of Agape (Houston).Storge is synonymous with love that engenders sacrifice and purity. This is the kind of love parents feel for their children. This kind of love does not wait for reciprocity to grow and is there notwithstanding. The story of Abraham and Isaac is an interesting biblical instance of these two kinds of love where Storge is compelled to be sacrificed for the greater Agape. In order to prove the full extent of his Agape, his total devotion to God, Abraham is asked to sacrifice the thing he loves most. This happens to be Abraham’s son Isaac, the person for who he feels the greatest Storge. In the biblical context, Agape is undeniably higher than Storge. Abraham is therefore first made to prove the full extent of his Agape before God relents and lets him keep the object of his Storge. Other instances of pronounced Storge in literature include the love Cordelia feels for her father, King Lear in Shakespeare’s play. In this case however the Storge is made to complete its sacrifice in a sense because both the king’s beloved daughter and the king himself die in the end.Philia, or brotherly love, exists between friends, brothers and neighbors. This kind of love helps people to bond closely without being passionate or amorous. This kind of love prompts the feeling of camaraderie and brotherhood. A good example at hand would be the kind of love soldiers have amongst each other, where they bond intimately and share their joys and sorrows toget her without a hint of any physical attraction or manifestations. In Greek history, I have noticed the love depicted in the story of Damon and Pythias to be of this form. In the legend Damon and Pythias both survive Dionysus’ wrath because of their intense love for each other. But in another tale from the bible, the ending is not nearly as fortunate. Cain and Abel, sons of Adam and Eve, at first loved each other in the truest sense of Philia. However, with the preference God showed for Abel’s sacrifice of animals over Cain’s agricultural offerings, Cain’s love turns to intense jealousy and he ends up killing Abel. This is possibly the best known example of Philia getting overturned.Eros is passionate love, which can in most cases be closely linked to physical attraction and sexual love. Eros is often closely associated with the animal kingdom and therefore classically considered to be a lower form. Eros can often contend with Agape as we have seen earlier. And a popular example of this is in Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet. The love that the two young nobles feel for each other is no doubt arising from a certain attraction, or Eros. And yet the manner in which they express their love for each other in a language that is similar to that of Agape. Romeo and Juliet address each other in abject terms, making it a love not of equals but of one subservient to the other. This of course is one of the most common features of Agape.Although classically Eros is considered to be a lower form than Agape, as we have seen discussed in the Symposium, I personally feel this is not entirely fair. It is true that people often consider it nobler to love a person without wanting to possess him or her in a physical or earthly way. By implication this means that a person loves someone for more than their physicality, that is to say a love founded on something deeper than superficial beauty. This is true in theory, but not always in practice. We often find that the Agape is more often than not directed towards someone of higher social standing, or towards a woman who is unreachable, like a noblewoman or even the queen. This amounts to nothing short of sycophancy sometimes. Is it then less hypocritical than loving someone for their appearance?Eros is also equated with the animal kingdom and is therefore considered â€Å"lower.† But why should something, that takes place in the natural world, be considered lower? If animals love each other erotically, does it not make it a more natural, or even a â€Å"higher† love? After all this kind of love is based on the truth of the body’s responses to the beloved; if someone is beautiful and attractive physically, why should it be wrong to feel attraction or love for this person? Even if it is based only on appearances, Eros is more genuine. There is no verbal intrusion that allows lovers to lie to each other or praise each other in hollow terms.Philia too I think is of ten under-rated in the present generation. Friends can often feel a lot of love between them without it being the Erotic or even the Agape type of love. We have been brainwashed by popular movies and books into always expecting friendships to turn into love as that fits in with the perfect happy ending of the plot. But why should this be? Why is simple, platonic love that expects nothing physical or romantic in return be less of a love than any other kind? After all, is it not nobler for two friends to love each other in spite of the fact that they have nothing physical or romantic to gain from each other?Storge also is often under-appreciated in popular culture. Love that exists within families has become such a rare instance in the days of divorce and estrangement that perhaps more of art needs to depict it now, more than ever. People seem to forget that our families are what we are born into. We carry our parents’ genes and share them with our siblings and nothing or no on e else can ever change that. It is true that we are often unfortunate in this regard and there are many children brought into this world in an unloving family, but even so the love that exists between members of the family is something that precedes life itself. Just to think about what a pregnant mother endures for nine months and so many years following the birth, is enough to prove the argument.In conclusion, I think it is fruitless to spend hours debating on which form of love is higher than the others because each kind of love, whether borne out of devotion, lust, filial ties or friendship, is a distinct kind of love. A sort of love that is unique to itself and therefore deserving of special attention. Instead of trying to compare them it is perhaps best to be grateful to know that they all exist.Works CitedDe Rouguemont, Denis. Love in the Western World. New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1940. Print.Houston, Beth. â€Å"Longing for Laura.† Able Muse. 2002. Web. 2 May 2010. Love in the Western World Essay Thank you for reading this Sample!

Human Body Project Ideas for Biology and Behavior

Human Body Project Ideas for Biology and Behavior Human body science projects and studies allow us to get a better understanding of the human body. Not only do we gain an improved knowledge of anatomical functions, but we gain a greater understanding of human behavior as well. The following human body project ideas provide suggestions for topics that can be explored through experimentation. Behavioral Project Ideas Does your sense of smell alter your sense of taste?Which sense (taste, smell, touch) is best for identifying foods?Does music affect blood pressure?Does fear affect blood pressure? (Fear Science Project - Sample)How does caffeine affect the body?Does exercise affect memory retention?Does music affect hand-eye coordination?Does the weather affect a persons mood?Does playing video games affect a persons heart rate?Do colors affect a persons mood? (Colors and Mood Project - Sample)Does gender affect reaction time?Is yawning contagious?Does smiling affect a persons mood?Does human behavior change during a full moon?Does room temperature affect concentration?Does sight affect the ability to determine sound direction? Biological Project Ideas Does a persons BMI affect blood pressure?Do all people have the same normal body temperature?Which type of exercises increases muscle growth the most?How do various types of acid (phosphoric acid, citric acid, etc.) affect tooth enamel?Do a persons heart rate and blood pressure vary during the day?Does exercise affect lung capacity?Does blood vessel elasticity affect blood pressure?Is calcium necessary for bone strength?Does light intensity affect peripheral vision?Does eye color affect a persons ability to distinguish colors?Do different stressors ( heat, cold, etc.) affect nerve sensitivity?Do food smells affect saliva production? Human Body Information Need additional information about the human body for your project? These resources will help you get started: The human body is made up of several organ systems that work together as one unit. Find out what you need to know about organ systems.Have you ever wondered why certain sounds make you cringe? Learn about your five senses and how they work.The brain is a fascinating organ that directs a multitude of functions in the body. Discover how sweets can alter your brain, why swinging makes you fall asleep faster, and how video games affect brain function.Want to learn some interesting facts about the body? Discover 10 Fascinating Facts About Your Heart, 12 Facts About Your Blood, 10 Facts About Cells, and 8 Different Types of Body Cells. More Science Project Ideas For more information and ideas for science projects, see 30 Ideas for Animal Experiments and Projects, 22 Ideas for Science Experiments Using Plants, 8 Types of Biology-Based Science Fair Projects, Scientific Method Steps, and How to Write a Bibliography for a Science Fair Project. Science Models Constructing models is a fun and exciting way to learn about science. Try making a model of the lungs or making a DNA model using candy. It is important to note that just constructing a model is not an experiment. Models should be used to enhance your science project.

How to Say Want or Desire in Japanese

How to Say Want or Desire in Japanese There are many ways to express wants or desire in Japanese depending on the situation. Are you in want of an object or an action? Are you speaking to a superior or a peer? Are you telling a statement or asking a question? Each scenario will require a different way to express to want or to desire in Japanese. Lets go through them! Involving a Noun When what one desires requires a noun, such as a car or money, hoshii (to want) is used. The basic sentence structure is  someone) wa (something) ga hoshii desu.  Note that the object of the verb to want is marked with the particle ga, not o. Here are some sample sentences: Watashi wa kuruma ga hoshii desu. ç § Ã£  ¯Ã¨ »Å Ã£ Å'æ ¬ ²Ã£ â€"㠁„㠁 §Ã£ â„¢Ã£â‚¬â€š - I want a car. Watashi wa sono hon ga hoshii desu. ç § Ã£  ¯Ã£  Ã£  ®Ã¦Å" ¬Ã£ Å'æ ¬ ²Ã£ â€"㠁„㠁 §Ã£ â„¢Ã£â‚¬â€š - I want that book. Watashi wa nihonjin no tomodachi ga hoshii desu. ç § Ã£  ¯Ã¦â€" ¥Ã¦Å" ¬Ã¤ º ºÃ£  ®Ã¥ â€¹Ã© â€Ã£ Å'æ ¬ ²Ã£ â€"㠁„㠁 §Ã£ â„¢Ã£â‚¬â€š - I want a Japanese friend. Watashi  wa  kamera  ga  hoshii  desu. ç § Ã£  ¯Ã£â€š «Ã£Æ' ¡Ã£Æ' ©Ã£ Å'æ ¬ ²Ã£ â€"㠁„㠁 §Ã£ â„¢Ã£â‚¬â€š - I want a camera. Involving a Verb There are times when people dont want a material object but instead desire an action, like eating or buying. In such a case, to want in Japanese is expressed as ~tai desu. The basic sentence structure is (someone) wa (something) o ~tai desu. Here are a few sample sentences: Watashi wa kuruma o kaitai desu. ç § Ã£  ¯Ã¨ »Å Ã£â€šâ€™Ã¨ ² ·Ã£ â€žÃ£ Å¸Ã£ â€žÃ£  §Ã£ â„¢Ã£â‚¬â€š - I want to buy a car. Watashi wa sono hon o yomitai desu. ç § Ã£  ¯Ã£  Ã£  ®Ã¦Å" ¬Ã£â€šâ€™Ã¨ ª ­Ã£  ¿Ã£ Å¸Ã£ â€žÃ£  §Ã£ â„¢Ã£â‚¬â€š - I want to read that book. When you want to emphasize a subject, the particle ga is used instead of o. For instance,   Boku wa sushi ga tabetai desu. Ã¥Æ'•ã  ¯Ã£ â„¢Ã£ â€"㠁Å'é £Å¸Ã£  ¹Ã£ Å¸Ã£ â€žÃ£  §Ã£ â„¢Ã£â‚¬â€š - I want to eat sushi. Informal Setting When speaking in informal situations, ~ desu 㠁 §Ã£ â„¢ can be omitted. The following are examples of more casual sentences: Watashi wa okane ga hoshii. ç § Ã£  ¯Ã£ Å Ã©â€¡â€˜Ã£ Å'æ ¬ ²Ã£ â€"㠁„。 - I want money. Watashi wa nihon ni ikitai. ç § Ã£  ¯Ã¦â€" ¥Ã¦Å" ¬Ã£  «Ã¨ ¡Å'㠁 Ã£ Å¸Ã£ â€žÃ£â‚¬â€š - I want to go to Japan. Watashi wa eigo o benkyou shitai. ç § Ã£  ¯Ã¨â€¹ ±Ã¨ ªÅ¾Ã£â€šâ€™Ã¥â€¹â€°Ã¥ ¼ ·Ã£ â€"㠁Ÿã â€žÃ£â‚¬â€š- I want to study English. When to Use ~Tai Since ~tai expresses a very personal feeling, it is usually used only for the first person, and in a question for the second person. Note that ~  tai  Ã£ Å¸Ã£ â€ž) expression is not normally used when asking about the desire of ones superior. Nani  ga  tabetai  desu ka. ä ½â€¢Ã£ Å'é £Å¸Ã£  ¹Ã£ Å¸Ã£ â€žÃ£  §Ã£ â„¢Ã£ â€¹Ã£â‚¬â€š - What do you want to eat? Watashi  wa  kono  eiga  ga  mitai  desu. ç § Ã£  ¯Ã£ â€œÃ£  ®Ã¦Ëœ  Ã§â€ »Ã£ Å'㠁 ¿Ã£ Å¸Ã£ â€žÃ£  §Ã£ â„¢Ã£â‚¬â€š - I want to watch this movie. Watashi wa amerika ni ikitai desu. ç § Ã£  ¯Ã£â€š ¢Ã£Æ' ¡Ã£Æ' ªÃ£â€š «Ã£  «Ã¨ ¡Å'㠁 Ã£ Å¸Ã£ â€žÃ£  §Ã£ â„¢Ã£â‚¬â€š - I want to go to America. Third Person When describing a third persons desire, hoshigatte imasu æ ¬ ²Ã£ â€"㠁Å'㠁 £Ã£  ¦Ã£ â€žÃ£  ¾Ã£ â„¢) or the stem of the verb ~ tagatte imasu 㠁Ÿã Å'㠁 £Ã£  ¦Ã£ â€žÃ£  ¾Ã£ â„¢ are used. Note that the object of hoshii  Ã£  »Ã£ â€"㠁„ is marked with the particle ga  Ã£ Å', while the object of hoshigatte  imasu  Ã¦ ¬ ²Ã£ â€"㠁Å'㠁 £Ã£  ¦Ã£ â€žÃ£  ¾Ã£ â„¢ is marked with the particle o ã‚’.   Ani wa kamera o hoshigatte imasu. 兄㠁 ¯Ã£â€š «Ã£Æ' ¡Ã£Æ' ©Ã£â€šâ€™Ã¦ ¬ ²Ã£ â€"㠁Å'㠁 £Ã£  ¦Ã£ â€žÃ£  ¾Ã£ â„¢Ã£â‚¬â€š - My brother wants a camera. Ken wa kono eiga o mitagatte imasu. Ã¥  ¥Ã£  ¯Ã£ â€œÃ£  ®Ã¦Ëœ  Ã§â€ »Ã£â€šâ€™Ã¨ ¦â€¹Ã£ Å¸Ã£ Å'㠁 £Ã£  ¦Ã£ â€žÃ£  ¾Ã£ â„¢Ã£â‚¬â€š - Ken wants to watch this movie. Tomu wa nihon ni ikitagatte imasu. ãÆ'ˆãÆ'  Ã£  ¯Ã¦â€" ¥Ã¦Å" ¬Ã£  «Ã¨ ¡Å'㠁 Ã£ Å¸Ã£ Å'㠁 £Ã£  ¦Ã£ â€žÃ£  ¾Ã£ â„¢Ã£â‚¬â€š - Tom wants to go to Japan. Desire to Have Someone Do Something for You Hoshii is also used to express a desire to have someone do something for him or her. The sentence structure will be ~te (verb te-form) hoshii, and someone is marked by the particle ni. Here are some examples: Masako ni sugu byouin ni itte hoshii n desu. é›…å ­ Ã£  «Ã£ â„¢Ã£  Ã§â€"…é™ ¢Ã£  «Ã¨ ¨â‚¬Ã£  £Ã£  ¦Ã¦ ¬ ²Ã£ â€"㠁„ん㠁 §Ã£ â„¢Ã£â‚¬â€š - I want Masako to go to the hospital right away. Kore o kare ni todokete hoshii desu ka. 㠁“ã‚Å'ã‚’å ½ ¼Ã£  «Ã¥ ±Å Ã£ â€˜Ã£  ¦Ã¦ ¬ ²Ã£ â€"㠁„㠁 §Ã£ â„¢Ã£ â€¹Ã£â‚¬â€š - Do you want me to deliver this to him? The same idea can also be expressed by ~ te moraitai. Watashi wa anata ni hon o yonde moraitai. ç § Ã£  ¯Ã£ â€šÃ£  ªÃ£ Å¸Ã£  «Ã¦Å" ¬Ã£â€šâ€™Ã¨ ª ­Ã£â€šâ€œÃ£  §Ã£â€šâ€šÃ£â€šâ€°Ã£ â€žÃ£ Å¸Ã£ â€žÃ£â‚¬â€š - I want you to read me a book. Watashi wa Yoko ni unten shite moraitai desu. ç § Ã£  ¯Ã¦ ´â€¹Ã¥ ­ Ã£  «Ã© â€¹Ã¨ » ¢Ã£ â€"㠁 ¦Ã£â€šâ€šÃ£â€šâ€°Ã£ â€žÃ£ Å¸Ã£ â€žÃ£â‚¬â€š - I want Yoko to drive. This pattern can be used when stating ones desire for someone of a higher status to do something. In this case, itadaku which is the humble version of morau is used. Watashi wa Tanaka-sensei ni kite itadakitai. ç § Ã£  ¯Ã§â€ °Ã¤ ¸ ­Ã¥â€¦Ë†Ã§â€Å¸Ã£  «Ã¦  ¥Ã£  ¦Ã£ â€žÃ£ Å¸Ã£   Ã£  Ã£ Å¸Ã£ â€žÃ£â‚¬â€š - I would like Professor Tanaka to come. Watashi wa shachou ni kore o tabete itadakitai desu. ç § Ã£  ¯Ã§ ¤ ¾Ã©â€¢ ·Ã£  «Ã£ â€œÃ£â€šÅ'ã‚’é £Å¸Ã£  ¹Ã£  ¦Ã£ â€žÃ£ Å¸Ã£   Ã£  Ã£ Å¸Ã£ â€žÃ£  §Ã£ â„¢Ã£â‚¬â€š - I want the president to eat this. Invitations Although in English, expressions like do you want to~ and dont you want to~ are informal invitations, Japanese questions with ~tai cant be used to express an invitation when politeness is required. For example, Watashi to isshoni eiga ni ikitai desu ka is a straightforward question, asking if one wants to go to a movie with the speaker. It is not meant to be an invitation. To express an invitation, negative questions are used. Watashi to isshoni eiga ni ikimasen ka. ç § Ã£  ¨Ã¤ ¸â‚¬Ã§ ·â€™Ã£  «Ã¦Ëœ  Ã§â€ »Ã£  «Ã¨ ¡Å'㠁 Ã£  ¾Ã£ â€ºÃ£â€šâ€œÃ£ â€¹Ã£â‚¬â€š - Dont you want to go with me? Ashita tenisu o shimasen ka. 明æâ€" ¥Ã£Æ'†ãÆ'‹ã‚ ¹Ã£â€šâ€™Ã£ â€"㠁 ¾Ã£ â€ºÃ£â€šâ€œÃ£ â€¹Ã£â‚¬â€š - Wont you play tennis tomorrow?

Epistemology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Epistemology - Essay Example First and foremost, this paper also deals with how theories are studied so that people may interpret and understand information, and develop them to form their own research studies. This is known as hermeneutics, and phenomenology would refer to how individuals study the philosophies of the world and what exactly it means to them. For this study, it is important to understand that without these theories, human beings would be lost when it comes to how they understand the world. Knowledge has to come from somewhere and this is illustrated in this paper through the mention of various research methodologies and approaches, dispositions and cognitive theories. As the study declares qualitative and quantitative approaches are two main approaches when it comes to research methodology. At this point it is important to first understand both qualitative and quantitative approaches in order to understand how research studies are brought about, as well as the epistemology and ontology approaches when it comes to research work. In a qualitative study, the researcher is not so interested in obtaining a set of facts, but rather is more interested in gaining insight into a perspective (Johnson, 1984). The philosophy of the qualitative approach is that knowledge and facts are subjective and that problems cannot be fully understood in isolation. In this light, should problems arise, they should be viewed as part of a complex pattern of links and relationships.

Tourism Operations Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Tourism Operations Management - Essay Example Task 1(L01) Tour operations sector In travel and tourism, tour operators are the ones which combine two or more businesses in a package which is ultimately offered to the consumer as a holiday package. In UK there are two kinds of tour operators- mainstream tour operators and specialist tour operators (Meyers, n.d, pp.8-9). Mainstream tour operators are the ones who sell mainstream tour packages like air, sea, sand sun to the customers while the niche tour operators serve highly specified tour packages like beaches but of a lower standard. The major mainstream companies in UK are Thompson or Thompson Holidays, Thomas Cook, Airtours and First Choice. The products offered by them are the beaches in locations like the Caribbean, Thailand and Malaysia. A number of specialist tour companies have also come up in UK as there is little competition among the specialist tour operators. Major tour operators- introduction Thompson or Thompson Holidays is a part of TUI travel PLC (Cruiseship rati ngs and reviews all cruises with operator Thompson Holidays, n.d). The company known originally as Thompson Tour Operations was renamed as Thompson Holidays in 1997. It was floated in the London stock exchanges in 1998. Thomas Cook was started in 1841 by a person named Thomas Cook. He floated his company commercially in 1845 for the first time. A travel brochure was also provided by it for the first time (Thomas Cook history, n.d). Airtours is well known for providing innovative tour packages to its customers according to the changing lifestyles. It targets the cheap or lower budget market but because of the high level of innovation and ideas it has become one of the top market leaders in UK. (Airtours, n.d). First Choice is the fourth largest tour operator in UK. It was established in the beginning of the 1970s when two companies named Continental Air Brokers and Economy World Travel decided to merge and form Owners Abroad (Wholesale) Ltd. in 1973. Later, the company decided to cha nge its corporate name and in 1994 the company was renamed as First Choice Holidays (First Choice Holidays PLC History, n.d). Since mid-1997, these four players occupy 53% of the holiday market in UK in 2000 (Pender, Sharpleyfirst, n.d, pp.48). Market Segmentation UK travel and tourism market is more oligopolistic in nature because of the presence of only four major players. The process of dividing the consumer base on the basis of common needs is known as market segmentation. The British travel market is divided into the following five segments. These five segments are categorized on the level of experience they have in traveling and the attitude and comforts they seek from the travel experiences. †¢ Self-Challengers †¢ Comfort Adventurers †¢ Cocoon Travelers †¢ Pushing Boundaries †¢ Taste & Try Self-Challengers are the groups who are more affluent economically and are highly educated. They are most likely to be unmarried and between 18 to 75 years of age. Australia seems to be the favorite holiday destination amongst the self challengers. They are the travelers who go to holidays with a learning quest. Comfort Adventurers are the ones who have the curiosity to visit the places before they are visited by the local market. They do not compromise with safety and comforts. Cocoon Travelers are the ones who take inspiration from newspapers and experiences of others. They are basically married, having

Human Resources and Organizational Behavior for Health Care Leadership in Health Care Management Essay Example for Free

Human Resources and Organizational Behavior for Health Care Leadership in Health Care Management Essay There are people that need a strong leader in order to thrive in their job. There are also people that dont need a strong leader because they have the drive to be successful but may need a push every now and then. When it comes to an organization and the dynamics of it, managers be charismatic because of dealing with so many different personalities in the group. Being a charismatic leader requires self-confidence and trust in his/her subordinates. Showing trust in huge as it instills confidence in that employee and tells them they dont have to look over their shoulders. They can do their jobs freely which can lead to more production in the organization. Conflicts are a natural part of human interaction and its inevitable. Part of being a good leader is having effective conflict management skills. When conflicts arise, managers must know how to manage them so that bigger problems dont grow. There are so many aspects of being a manager and leading. Employees in the organization depend on good leadership and if that need is not met, it can lead to workplace disfunction. Keywords: Charismatic, Conflict, Leadership, Dynamics, Management When the management job is talked about, leadership often comes to mind. It takes a strong minded, organized, and determined individual to do this job. Over seeing a number of different employees can at times not be the easiest job. Leaders must be willing to accept and meet challenges that come for the betterment of patient healthcare. Not everyone can lead a group of people in an organization. It takes the type of person that has people skills as well as the knowledge of his/her job to lead effectively. Leading Creatively Usually when healthcare leaders have a question they take a rational approach until the right or wrong answer has made it up the chain of command. This approach can be effective in some cases but in healthcare thing are always changing. A regular leader loves to avoid mistakes which all mistakes are not avoidable. Someone who is creative loves to learn from mistakes as it can give them more ideas to choose from. Today, the healthcare environment is even more complex as reform and market forces transform the way healthcare is delivered and managed. Belief systems, values and attitudes are shifting. Creative thinking and agile, adaptive leadership will be required to make hospitals, health systems and networks sustainable as the healthcare delivery landscape transforms (http://www. ccl. org/leadership/landing/healthcare/index. aspx). As a leader in healthcare, managers must show their employees that they are willing to be innovative and let their ego go as group collaboration becomes the norm. By modeling this, the employees will be more willing to work together for the good of the organization and the patients. The Center for Creative Leadership (CCL) has developed a model that health systems can use to adapt and thrive in uncertain times by creating direction, alignment and commitment. There are six essential organizational capabilities that are a prerequisite for success: Collaborative Patient Care Teams- The team will extend to include clinicians outside the hospital environment which will place a much greater emphasis on higher-order collaboration skills. Resource Stewardship- Requires individual ownership and accountability for the decisions that will ultimately allow the system to thrive and manage its resources judiciously. Talent Transformation- Leaders will need to hire and develop talented individuals who can see the next wave of plausible solutions and innovations and lead transformational change. Boundary Spanning- Leaders draw on networks and relationships as they work systemwide to meet the mission of healthcare. Capacity for Complexity, Innovation and Change- Effective leaders move populations from old established processes to new models of effectiveness and understand the underlying emotional impact of change and how it varies by individual. Employee Engagement and Well-being- Employees are most productive and committed to their organization when they are engaged emotionally, mentally and physically. (http://www. ccl. org/leadership/landing/healthcare/index. aspx). These organizational methods are the essential keys for managers to not only lead their workplace to the way of the future but also helping to lead other organizations. The collaboration aspect is key as it will require everyone to be cohesive and understanding. Power and Influence Power is a defined as having behavioral or fate control over the behavior of another. It exists only when there is an unequal relationship between two people and where one of the two is dependent upon the other (Borkowski, 2011). Power can be a trap for some managers which can lead to abusing it. When employees see and experience this happening they pull away and lose respect for that manager. This can be the downfall of an organization as it can cause employees to lose motivation, commitment, and creativity. There are five bases of social power: reward power, coercive power, legitimate power, referent power, and expert power. An individual is not limited to just one source of power. Reward power is the ability to give rewards, something that holds value to another individual. Coercive power is the ability to punish either by administering a punishment or by withholding something that an individual needs or wants. Legitimate power is given to an individual on the basis of a given role or position. Referent power stems from Ps affective regard for, or identification with, O. The greater the attraction, the greater the identification. Expert power exists when P awards power to O on the basis of Ps perception of Os knowledge within a given area (Borkowski, 2011). In class discussion the general consensus was managers that had the trust and respect of their employees, had the most power. A manager is an expert of the knowledge he/she has over a subordinate. When managers use that expert power in the right way, which is to teach his/her subordinates, they will feel that the manager is wanting them to expand their knowledge for their success as well as the organization. This in turn continues to build trust and deep respect for the manager. As an educator, this is modeled for us by our administration. Our superintendent and principal have both been teachers in the classroom but have since moved into the roles that they have now so they are the experts when it comes to some of the issues that come up. They attend countless meetings of changes that may happen either with our district or state so that then they can inform us. Once we have a good grasp of what is going to take place we can then inform our students. The expert power that our administration had has been passed to the teaching staff so that then we can pass that knowledge to the students. Decision Making Decision making is an everyday part of our lives whether we realize what type of decision we make or not. Sometimes we make decisions rationally and sometimes intuitively. The fact is, we want to make the right decision but that is not always going to be the case because we can never see what the outcome of that decision will be and we have to live with that. As in any decision model we use, there are pros and cons of each. In the rational decision making model it brings logic and order to decision making. This approach also can help ensure discipline and consistency. Here are the sequence of steps used to rationally develop a solution: Identifying a problem or opportunity, gathering information, analyzing the situation, developing options, evaluating options, selecting a preferred alternative, and acting on the decision. A strength of this model is that it provides structure and discipline to the decision making process. A weakness of this model is the time that is needed to go through this process (http://www. the-happy-manager. com/articles/rational-decision-making-model/). Another decision making model that is used often is intuition. Intuition can make you a much more effective decision maker, especially when you deal with non-standard situations or in expedient decision making. However there are points that need to be considered for instance, when you need to use intuition, can it be effective, and how this decision model ranks versus rational analysis (http://www. time-management-guide. com/intuition-decision-making. html). In class discussion, classmates used a few different models most notably the two mentioned above. There were a few that used both or weighed heavily on just one. I was one that used both rational and intuitive. There are times in coaching when I use the rational approach to make a decision concerning practice. For example, if I need to set up teams that are equal in talent as opposed to starting five and bench, I have to think about who matches up better with who, or what drills are going to be the most beneficial and productive on a given day. My intuitive approach is used during game situations. For example, when to utilize timeouts, when to substitute players, what play to run, or when to switch defenses. Either way, decisions ometimes dont work out the way you envision but you learn to live with it and move on. Conflict-Conflict Management Another aspect of being a leader in management is conflict and conflict management. Some situations are easier to handle than others but a manager that has effective conflict management skills can diffuse a bad situation before it gets worse. Interpersonal conflict is a natural outcome of human interaction that involves two or more individuals who believe that their attitudes, behaviors, or preferred goals are in opposition (Borkowski, 2011). This type of conflict is probably one the most common in the workplace simply because there are personal characteristics and issues, interactional difficulties and perspective and perceptive differences. As a result of the diversity of todays workplace, an extensive range of differences exists between personal and cultures. When dealing with groups of people, many interpersonal conflicts involve role confusion. If a person doesnt understand their expectations it can intensify the conflict leading to unhealthy relationships. As a result, reactions such as aggression and hostility can take place. There are many strategies we can use in conflict situations whether we use some more often than others or not. Its important that the strategy we do use is appropriate for that particular situation even if its not the strategy we habitually use (Williams, n. d. ). Some strategies we can use for conflict management are; Forcing, Accommodating, Avoiding, Compromising, and Collaborating. When forcing, the manager is using formal authority or other power that he/she possesses to satisfy their concerns without regard to the concerns of the party they are in conflict with. Accommodating is allowing the other party to satisfy their concerns while neglecting your own. Avoiding is not paying attention to the conflict and not taking any action to resolve it. Compromising or attempting to resolve a conflict by identifying a solution that is partially satisfactory to both parties, but completely satisfactory to neither. Lastly, there is collaborating or cooperating with the other party to understand their concerns and expressing your own concerns in an effort to find a mutually and completely satisfactory solution (Williams, n. . ). When leading an organization, understanding how conflict arises is helpful for anticipating situations that may become conflictual. This was something that was talked about in our class discussion. Another idea that was mentioned was that seeing all sides of a situation makes a good manager because it helps the employees develop trust. A situation that stands out to me is looking up from speaking with another student and witnessi ng a student get hit with a ball by another student. We will call the student that got hit (A) and the student that threw the ball (B). Obviously student (A) was not happy about getting hit so the first thing he does is run to confront student (B). Some pushing was done by both and then I intervened. Not seeing student (B) throw the ball just the outcome, I calmed them both down and I asked student (B) why he hit student (A) with the ball. He said he was trying to throw it to someone else but that student (A) stepped in at the wrong time and got hit so it was a just an accident. After student (A) heard the story he understood and apologized for pushing student (B) and student (B) also apologized. The strategy I used was collaborating as we all came to an understanding to what happened. Conclusion Not everyone can lead a group of people in an organization. It takes the type of person that has people skills as well as the knowledge of his/her job to lead effectively. Managers are pulled in so many different directions and they must be able to adapt. Being a leader in an organization is not easy, however being a leader period is not easy. A manager must be aware of what is happening in their organization to lead effectively. Not everyone has the same expectations but part of being a charismatic leader is showing that trust and confidence in his/her employees shows them that even though you are the manager, you trust what they are bringing something positive to the organization. Managers relationship with his/her employees is important as the day to day operations depend on the behaviors of everyone. The relationship connectedness between subordinates and managers is key to productivity in the workplace.

Failure and Destruction of a Romantic Ideal in Fitzgerald’s The Great G

The Great Gatsby and the Destruction of a Romantic Ideal      Ã‚   In The Great Gatsby, F. Scott Fitzgerald tells the story of a romantic ideal and its ultimate destruction by the inexorable rot and decay of modern life. The story is related by Nick Carraway, who has taken a modest rental house next door to Jay Gatsby's mansion. Jay Gatsby is a young millionaire who achieves fabulous wealth for the sole purpose of recapturing the love of his former sweetheart, Daisy Fay Buchanan. Five years prior to the principal events of the story, Daisy broke off with Gatsby and married the vulgar and arrogant Tom Buchanan because he was rich and came from a respectable family. In the years since, Gatsby turns his memory of Daisy into a near-religious worship. He places her on a pedestal and transforms her into his own romantic ideal. In the process, he also transforms himself. He changes his name from Gatz to Gatsby; he invents a past, saying he was from a wealthy family and studied at Oxford; he affects the speech patterns of an English aristocrat ("ol d sport"), and stages parties that resemble theatrical productions.    The irony is that Gatsby's extreme pursuit of materialism is just an elaborate facade that allows him to pursue his enchanted spiritual vision. All of the trappings of his wealth have a sense of the unreal, as having no weight or substance. Our first sense of this occurs in Chapter 3, when Gatsby invites Nick to one of his parties. In Gatsby's library Nick encounters a drunken guest who announces that Gatsby's books are actually real:    "What do you think?" he demanded impetuously. "About what?" He waived his hand toward the book-shelves. "About that. As a matter of fact you needn't bother to... ..., boats against the current, borne back ceaselessly into the past."       Works Cited and Consulted: Bruccoli, Matthew J. Some Sort of Epic Grandeur: The Life of F. Scott Fitzgerald. New York: Carrol and Graf, 1993. Hobsbawm, Eric. The Age of Extremes. New York: Pantheon, 1994. Mizener, Arthur, ed. F. Scott Fitzgerald: A Collection of Critical Essays. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1963. Posnock, Ross. "'A New World, Material Without Being Real': Fitzgerald's Critique of Capitalism in The Great Gatsby." Critical Essays on Scott Fitzgerald's "Great Gatsby." Ed. Scott Donaldson. Boston: Hall, 1984. 201-13. Raleigh, John Henry. "F. Scott Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby." Mizener 99-103. Trilling, Lionel. "F. Scott Fitzgerald." Critical Essays on Scott Fitzgerald's "Great Gatsby." Ed. Scott Donaldson. Boston: Hall, 1984. 13-20.

Influence of Fast Food on Children

â€Å"You are what you eat†, is a well known saying. Its message really means that if you eat healthy foods, you are most likely to be healthy. The good and healthy foods which include fresh fruits, green vegetables, fibre rich grains, pulses etc are considered old fashioned. Kids and teenagers today are opting for a greasy burger and a bag of fries, with a soda included to complete the meal. It is the age of fast-food. Eating fast-food means instant gratification. And eating fast-food much of the time can seriously injure the health of anybody, especially growing children and teenagers. Everywhere they are lamenting that obesity is on the rise, especially amongst children. Blame it on salt or sugar. Call it the fast-food disaster, but a meal at a fast-food restaurant could expose a child to unnaturally high levels of salt. The daily recommended dosage of salt is no more than 6gm per day for an adult and 3gm per day for a child. Studies have shown that Fast-Food meals can easily contain four times that amount of salt for a child. Moreover, these fast-food meals are extremely high in calories. Eat a small amount and you will be packing on the pounds rapidly. Besides, an excess of salt in the body can send children’s blood pressure soaring, thereby putting them at the risk of both stroke and heart disease. The consequences of bad eating are many. From skin problems to obesity, poor digestion, an inability to think clearly, a general lack of energy, constant mood swings and blood sugar inconsistencies. The excess sugar in the fast foods leads to diabetes in children. I have a personal experience related to this. One of my classmates in IV std had bad eating habits. His lunch box was almost always packed with burgers, fried chicken or French fries. Added to this he was always seen drinking colas. Due to this he was overweight and physically inactive. Unfortunately, during the same year he was diagnosed as diabetic. Doctors placed all the diet restrictions for him and medications to take for the remaining life. It was a sad thing to happen at such a young age. My advice to all of the young friends, please cultivate a habit to consume Good Food which includes fresh fruits, green vegetables, milk, fibre rich grains, pulses, fish etc to be healthy and fit. Thank You

Learning Natural Resources and Energy Essay

A Paper on the Ecosystem and on the Biodiversity General Questions – General General Questions Write a 1,400- to 1,750-word paper on natural resources and energy. Include the following:  · Choose a specific ecosystem, such as a forest, a grassland, or a marine or freshwater aquatic ecosystem.  · Identify and discuss the effects that a growing human population may have on that ecosystem’s resources, including loss or harm to populations of wild species.  · Discuss one management practice for sustainability and conservation of natural resources in that ecosystem.  · Identify the risks and benefits of extracting or using one type of nonrenewable and one type of renewable energy resource from that ecosystem, or in areas near that ecosystem. Include at least two outside references. Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines. You can have a ton of fun in college, but it also involves a lot of work. Stay focused on the end result: a diploma. There will be many roadblocks along the way, and how you choose to approach them is important. Use the tips you have seen here to make college work on your behalf. This pack of SCI 256 Week 3 Learning Natural Resources and Energy Paper  contains: A Paper on the Ecosystem and on the Biodiversity General Questions – General General Questions Write a 1,400- to 1,750-word paper on natural resources and energy. Include the following:  · Choose a specific ecosystem, such as a forest, a grassland, or a marine or freshwater aquatic ecosystem.  · Identify and discuss the effects that a growing human population may have on that ecosystem’s resources, including loss or harm to populations of wild species.  · Discuss one management practice for†¦ To download this tutorial follow the link – https://bitly.com/1oJKyIe You can have a ton of fun in college, but it also involves a lot of work. Stay focused on the end result: a diploma. There will be many roadblocks along the way, and how you choose to approach them is important. Use the tips you have seen here to make college work on your behalf. General Questions – General General Questions Write a 1,400- to 1,750-word paper on natural resources and energy. Include the following:  · Choose a specific ecosystem, such as a forest, a grassland, or a marine or freshwater aquatic ecosystem.  · Identify and discuss the effects that a growing human population may have on that ecosystem’s resources, including loss or harm to populations of wild species.  · Discuss one management practice for sustainability and conservation of natural resources in that ecosystem.  · Identify the risks and benefits of extracting or using one type of nonrenewable and one type of renewable energy resource from that ecosystem, or in areas near that ecosystem. Include at least two outside references. Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines.

African American Heritage In Chicago Essays - United States

African American Heritage In Chicago Essays - United States African American Heritage In Chicago A History of African American Heritage in Chicago The massive exodus to the north began in 1915; a population of people weary of pervasive hostility and constraint in their former lives, fleeing a social system comprised of miserable oppression and repeated violence. The primary cities for resettlement became New York and Chicago, metropolises humming with the vigor of big-city life and the excitement of a new beginning. When the Chicago Commission asked African American migrants in interviews on Race Relations in 1922 why they came to Chicago, responses were similar. Im looking for better wages. I wanted to get away from the South, and to earn more money. I wanted to better my living conditions. One man, when asked what his first impression of Chicago was, responded When I got here and got on the street cars and saw colored people sitting by white people all over the car I just held my breath, for I thought that any minute they would start something, then I saw nobody noticed it, and I just thought this was a real place for colored people. And life was good; if not ideal it was better than the disparaging environment of their prior residence in the South. This migration coincided with the War. Job opportunities sprang up everywhere as demand increased for more goods and services, and suddenly in 1920 the Negro population of Chicago had soared from 44,103 in 1915 to 109,594. The Illinois Central Railroad brought hundreds on free transportation, on the premise that they would employ their company. The Negro employment rate skyrocketed; the most popular jobs lying within the iron foundries, food products manufacturing, the tanneries, and the mail order industry. The majority of blacks coming from the south settled in a limited area known as the South Side. Named the black belt of the city, it was the most concentrated area of the African American population of the time. The difficulty of finding residence in the other parts of the city and the abundance of vacant houses aided in this settlement of the South Side. However, as deep-seated racial prejudice was still running rampant throughout the nation, loud protests erupted and whites quickly abandoned residential areas populated by blacks. Underlying racial hostility between blacks and whites was unfortunately gaining momentum. On July 27, 1919, this animosity was demonstrated in a terrible week of rioting beginning with the drowning of African-American youth Eugene Williams off a Lake Michigan beach. This event was a catalyst for a weeklong violent, bloody warfare. As black workers walked or rode the streetcars west and arrived to begin their shifts at the Stockyards, they were met by angry mobs of white gangs and workers, who attacked them mercilessly and drove them off. The mobs were beyond control. African American community members armed themselves and prepared to defend themselves and their homes against armed white gangs who tore into their neighborhood. The end of the week concluded in death tolls of 23 blacks and 15 whites, 157 persons being injured. The Chicago Commission on Race Relations was established soon after these staggering race riots, to study the roots and causes of the conflict. Their report on Chicago in 1992, with interviews of hundreds of black Chicago citizens, provided an insightful window into the race problem in the North, which attention was being drawn to due to the Great Migration. States the Chicago Commission on Race Relations in the document The Negro in Chicago, Both races need to understand that their rights and duties are mutual and equal, and that their interests in the common good are identical: that relations of amity are the only protection against race clashes; that these relations cannot be forced, but will come naturally as the leaders of each race develop within their own ranks a realization of the gravity of this problem and a vital interest in its solution, and an attitude of confidence, respect, and friendliness toward the people of the other race. The conflicts between blacks and whites have since subsided a great amount, but residue from the memories of violence and hatred still prevails. It will be a momentous day when we can be united

Vitamins May Hurt Your Health

Vitamins May Hurt Your Health MSN ran a feature about ConsumerLab.coms investigation into the purity of multivitamins. The lab looked at 21 brands of multivitamins for sale in the U.S. and Canada and found only 10 of these brands met the labeled claims or otherwise met quality standards. That doesnt have to mean anything earth-shattering. It could have been the other brands were close to meeting standards or had minor problems. However, the quality issues were ones that could actually hurt your health. The Vitamin Shoppe Multivitamins Especially for Women were found to be contaminated with lead. Now, lets put this in perspective. Several calcium supplements run the risk of lead contamination, because lead and calcium participate in many of the same chemical reactions and are difficult to separate. That trace amounts of lead would be present might be expected. However, ConsumerLab.com reported a daily dose of this mulitvitamin contained a whopping 15.3 micrograms of lead (more than ten times the amount permitted without a warning in California). To make matters worse, though you got some bonus lead for your bucks, you only got 54% of the stated levels of calcium. Another vitamin posed a different risk. Hero Nutritionals Yummi Bears, a kids multivitamin, contained 216% of the labeled amount of vitamin A in the retinol form [5,400 International Units (IU)], which is considerably higher than the upper limit set by the Institute of Medicine of 2,000 IU for kids ages 1 to 3 and 3,000 IU for kids ages 4 to 8. Vitamin A is one of the vitamins where more is not better. Instead, too much vitamin A can weaken bones and cause liver damage. Are these quality control issues? Yes, but I would have been surprised if the lab had found the vitamins met their stated claims. Why? For two reasons. First, vitamins arent regulated by the same standards as medicine. They are considered supplements and not drugs. Your best defense against this is to buy a product from nationally-recognized reputable source with an interest in protecting its good name. The other reason I wouldnt expect vitamins to contain exactly what is listed on the label is simple chemistry. Vitamins, by their very nature, are reactive. The quantities listed in a product will change over the course of its shelf life. Your main protection here is to not take vitamins past their expiration date. Should you take a multivitamin? Ask yourself whether the potential benefit outweighs the risk. If you are taking a major name brand multivitamin, you are probably getting approximately what is listed. Even then, expect some variation within the product and some degree of heavy-metal contamination with products that include minerals. These vitamins generally are safe, but dont take them automatically assuming they will help you.

Commodity Risk Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Commodity Risk Management - Essay Example Commodities with higher price volatility subject the consumer or the producer to greater probability of incurring loses or attaining gains on the future sales and buying of the product. Commodities with greater share in enterprise earning or production costs are faced with greater exposure to price risks. Various commodity risk management instrument are available and are mostly used by large producing firms, large consuming firms, trading firms, marketing firms or departments and other business ventures. The current market trends have led to the limitation of middlemen and traders and the transactions between the producer/ manufacture and final consumer have increased considerably. When the world commodity prices fall, the producer is at risk as he is not able to cover for his production costs. Also, a commodity dealer who buys products and keeps them in a warehouse is faced by the risk of not recovering his original purchasing costs. Those who process the goods are faced by double r isks due to the inputs and outputs. The final consumer only experiences the problem of increased prices. Price risks also affect traders, importers and exporters (Rutten and Blarel, 1996) The are several methods that are adopted for the management of commodity price risks, These include the adoption of marketing strategies that help time sales and purchases, Forward contracts, futures long term contracts, the use of over the counter markets. Commodity linked bonds and the use of swaps (Kolb, 1991).The choice of the instrument to use is difficult as the over the counter market is not open and transparent. The price determination depends on the bargaining strength and the availability of vital information. There is also the counterpart risk if he fails to fulfill the obligations imposed on him. Types of instruments used Forwards contracts; this involves the formation of an agreement to deliver a given quantity of goods at a given future date. The agreed forward price is paid when the product is delivered. The contract contains the price of the commodity and the quantity specified for delivery at a given date in the future. The 'long position' or the buyer receives the commodity and pays the forward price and the 'short position' or the seller delivers the commodity (UNCTAD, 1998). Futures contract: this is an agreement to deliver a given commodity in the future. The price is paid at a specified future date and at a future price payable at the time of delivering the commodity. They differ from the forward markets since they are 'marked to the market' this means that the contracts are settled each trading day. Future prices are either greater or less than the forward price. Due to the evaluation of the prices per given trading day, future contracts are usually preferred. Forward contacts are usually traded in exchanges. Futures may require settlement on daily basis if the are market to market. They are safer because the clearing house guarantees the fulfillment of the contract terms by all parties (Morgan, 1992) Cash market The behavior of most commodities in the market is determined by the cash and storage markets. The term spot price is used to refer to the immediate purchase of commodities. That means the products are bought and delivered at that time. The cash market is greatly

Organizational Behavior Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Organizational Behavior - Case Study Example A meeting was conducted with senior leadership at the law firm to discuss which of the three nominated employees should actually make partner. In this meeting, different attitudes regarding certain human resources policies were quite mixed as were the reactions from the attending leaders about which employees could provide the most long-term value in the role of partner. The main issue in this case is that there is a lack of unity when it comes to decision-making regarding who to elect as partner in the group. This is an organizational culture where policy is open to multitudes of different interpretations and nobody seems to have a clear handle on how these policies should be communicated regarding promotion opportunities. For example, the part-time employee up for partner nomination was not necessarily informed that moving to part-time status would impact her potential for reaching partner. None of the senior leaders can seem to agree on whether this is beneficial for the business long-term or whether it actually causes more harm in areas of corporate employee dedication. There are concerns within the senior leadership group that promoting Julie, the part-time employee in question, could set a policy precedent which gives too much flexibility to part-time staffers and could impact their ability to effectively carry out the role of partner. This di vision at senior leadership level is noticeable at the colleague level and at the employee level when they have access to read the meeting minutes. In terms of organizational behavior and culture, the lack of senior leadership unity regarding policy creation and implementation and their belief about how human resources impacts the business creates a culture of division. The process of promoting an individual to partner also seems to be ritualistic at the senior level, where they feel they must perform this annual

The Liberty Leading the People - Eugne Delacroix Essay

The Liberty Leading the People - Eugne Delacroix - Essay Example The painting reveals the picture of a heroine carrying a flag and a musket slightly at the right of the painting. There is also a child who is holding two guns on the right of the painting. Additionally, another man is holding a sword and is armed for battle on the left corner. There is also another young man holding a musket at left of the painting. Apparently, many people are helplessly lying on the ground. In the background a blue sky and light is seen on the horizon. The flag carried by one woman, the heroine, is colored red, white and blue. The men, who are armed, are dressed in uniform ( Coetzee 45). The uniform constitutes of grey shirts, black three-piece tops, and khaki trousers. Additionally, all the armed men are wearing hats. The men are also carrying black bags with a certain trademark and a white handle. The buildings near the scene of the battlefront seem demolished. Some of the people lying down are in the same uniform as that of the men in action. The parts of the ar t, which are in light are the standing people like Eugene Delacroix and the woman with a rifle. The subdued people are in shade and the source of light is the rising sun at the horizon. The painting has a good mixture of colors, which have been used to create dà ©cor and beauty of the images and the background. The whole scene reveals a fierce confrontation between two rival groups and the scene that catches my eyes is the woman carrying the flag implies that a battle was worn and the group owning the flag worn the battle (Delacroix sand ONeill 67). The figures are intriguing and attractive to the audience especially because of the colors used to present them. There is movement portrayed by the painter. The woman with a rifle is presumed to be in motion given her position. The three dimensional reflection of the painting is manifest in the creative location of the background, the sky and the people at the forefront. The painter was standing at the front

Analysis Of British Petroleum And Its Competitive Environment Management Essay

Analysis Of British Petroleum And Its Competitive Environment Management Essay This report highlights three aspects of business development and market growth for British Petroleum considering the competitive environment of BP, the key business strategies of BP for five years and the resources and capabilities that are available to BP for the last five years. The competitive environment point towards new capabilities that BP has developed for years to maintain competitive advantage. Competitive advantage has been analyzed using Porters model and it is suggested that differentiation and focus could be a response to changing market conditions. The competitive environment is also affected by factors such as brand image and reputation as related to social responsibility and environmental awareness. BPs strategies have focused on IT outsourcing to energy efficiency, leadership building and stakeholder management, application of resources and technologies, safety as well as climate change concerns. BPs investments have led to sustained production and volume growth and this is expected beyond 2010. BPs capabilities and financial resources received a boost with the rise of oil prices and growing demands worldwide with BP main businesses being in petrochemicals, petroleum refining, and oil and gas exploration and production. 1. Competitive Environment of BP BP is a diversified energy products company engaged in oil and gas explorations and development or production and transportation of crude oil and natural gas. BP is responsible for refining, marketing, transportation, sale of gasoline, diesel fuel, jet fuel and other petroleum products; and the production, marketing and sale of petrochemicals. The global oil and gas industry being high competitive show that with expanse and success of a company, capabilities are stronger and competitors could have problems understanding or imitating these. So developing new capabilities would be essential in maintaining competitive advantage. Competitive advantage is attained when capabilities are neither simple and highly imitable nor too complex that defies internal steering and control. Capabilities that grow through use are considered critical to success and BP and other similar companies will have to develop such capabilities (Kay, 1993). A resource based view suggests that sustainable competitive advantage could help in developing existing and new resources and capabilities in response to changing market conditions. Knowledge and knowledge management are related to value creating assets and helps in competitive advantage. As far as the competitive environment is concerned, there could be sufficient competition in the main markets of BP although world energy markets are unaffected by government policies and changes. The global economy and globalization could be some of the factors that have triggered competition in the world market and more so for the oil and gas industry (Bowman and Faulkner, 1997). The oil industry has been dominated by a few major international oil companies, including BP, Shell, ExxonMobil and Chevron along with companies of the gulf states. Seven major oil companies produced, transported and refined as well as marketed two thirds of the oil supply around the world for several years. State owned oil companies as in Saudi Arabia, Gulf and OPEDC countries are the largest suppliers of crude oil even today. Aramco has produced more than four times as much oil as ExxonMobil which is the largest private sector oil company and ExxonMobil produces twice as much oil and gas. Gazprom is anot her such company which is majority-controlled by the Russian government but also privatized and is responsible for more than 20% of world production and of exports of natural gas. The oil industry and companies in the OPEC states have diversified into refining, marketing and petrochemicals, but these may be of secondary importance when considered on a global basis although the contributions of such companies are important in certain regional markets. There are also problems of environmental awareness and corporate responsibility and BPs strategies have been framed by these considerations. Sarkis and Tamarkin (2005) addressed the ways of reducing greenhouse gases and organizations involved in reducing emissions and with emergent markets. Investment in equipment could help reduce emissions and could boost sales. However there could be a faster price rise and projects may not be economically feasible leading to the need for more stringent regulations. Real options analysis is considered an important tool for the energy industry and the energy industry is still completely influenced by greenhouse gas policies drawing attention to emissions and the role of controlling greenhouse gas emissions within the industry. 2. Key business strategies of BP over the past five years. Analysis using Porters generic strategies to discuss why this strategy was pursued or changed. Some of the key directions towards strategy included energy efficiency with BP operations such as considering the price of carbon in investment decisions and promoting low cost energy pathways through gas or power generation. The company also plans to make continued investments in alternative energy with bio fuels, wind and solar or carbon sequestration and investments in research and technology. Companies focus on safe and reliable operations with continued journey in personal safety and implements operating management system with compliance. The people efforts are on building capabilities and leadership behaviors and performances help in restoring revenues or reducing complexity and costs. Apart from the culture of leadership and restructuring, building skills and capability and diversity or reward for performance are important elements of company strategy. BP already identified new regions of access for its operations including Iraq, Indonesia, Jordan, and new acreage in Gulf of Mexico and Egypt. The reserves and resource replacement are at 12%-250% and production growth was at 4% (Hayward et al, 2010). The success story of the company has been projected as governance and shareholder alignment, safer operations and volume growth as well as steady financial performance. 2010 expected performance has been projected at $4 billion investment, production growth of 1-2%, focus on cost efficiency and development of projects with an average 1-2% volume growth until 2015 with increased potential and sustained growth to 2020. Resource bases and sources of growth beyond 2015 has been marked through expanding deepwater, leveraging expertise in gas and managing the giant oil fields of the world and enabling application of technology. The focus of the company has been on cost and capital efficiency and profit growth and diversifying the portfolio with a growing resource base. A momentum on costs and strategies and operations and an average 1-2% volume growth was expected until 2015 (Hayward et al, 2010). BP is also shown as having increased potential to sustain growth to 2020 and changes in the process could drive capital and cost efficiency. Fuel value chains through quality and integration could mean right markets and right locations for logistics and refineries and quality products and brands through marketing and channel management. BP has also highlighted supply optimization and trading and common processes at the back office. Among its infrastructural changes, BP has undergone major rebuilds of CDU to process heavy crude and for the manufacture of crude oil and also new world scale sulphur removal and gas oil hydro treating units. Refinery infrastructure upgrade shows location advantage. The market share possibilities discussed showed 40% capital employed in growth markets with leading technologies and strong customer relationships with margin share growth and premium brands. The company also gives importance to safety and efficiency, quality and integration and application of resources and technology and the emphasis provided is on safe and reliable operations. In the next 2-3 years over $2billion of pre tax performance opportunity was also identified. Costs were at 2004 levels with their refinery modification in 2012 (Hayward et al, 2010). The strategy of the company was given as a focus on the growth of profits as well as cost and capital efficiency through upstream production and downstream strategies are higher turnaround and cost efficiency. Alternative energy is seen as focused and disciplined with higher corporate efficiency and strategic growth. The focus on strategy is based on profit growth and use of alternative energy, as also a focus on corporate performance and efficiency and on cost and capital efficiency. BP was among the first multinational companies that joined in the merging consensus to address climate change (Kolk and Levy, 2001). BP has focused on a strategy to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and along with solar energy, BPs other lines of business are seen as exploration, oil and chemicals. However as far as BPs position towards climate change is concerned, analysts have tried to examine Is BP reacting to inevitable environmental pressures, but conducting business as usual, or is BP seizing the moment and opportunity and using global climate change as a doorway to a new business model for the 21st century? This seems an important analysis as it marks whether BP is projecting a new business model through the climate change focus or simply responding to the global environmental pressures and challenges and whether the climate change focus within its strategy would be positive or negative for BP (Lowe et al, 1998). As far as the analysis of BPs strategies are concerned, Porter has argued that any firms strength would ultimately depend on cost advantages and differentiation. The generic strategies that should be followed by any firm for success have been given as cost leadership, differentiation and focus (Porter, 1998). Cost leadership is attained through low cost of materials and integration decisions and differentiation strategy offers unique products and attributes to clients giving a competitive edge, and focus provides a narrow market focus so that specific needs of segments are met. Porters general strategies could explain the key business strategies adopted by BP in the last five years and these were related to climate change as well as cost and capital efficiency and profits. Juris (1998) suggested that in the UK it is possible to move from a monopoly of one company dominating the market to a competitive environment with many players and this is true even in the natural oil and gas industry without significant structural reforms within the business environment, although this could be expensive. Structural reforms and innovation brings about differentiation and launch of products and services that the consumer perceives to be different, Any form of change or deregulation must be accompanied by regulatory and institutional frameworks and all entrants to the market should be given equal rights. With cooperation between the government and industry participants, there has to be mechanisms for appropriate balancing and operating. BP will also have to follow these regulations towards market balance despite being a major player. Industry participants have tried to reach a consensus on how to enhance the existing framework that could make markets more efficient. British oil and gas industry will have to effectively give more time and resources to developing a tariff structure for pipeline capacity and transportation services in tariff markets (Juris, 1998). BP has a role to play in stabilizing tariffs that could make the markets efficient. Cross (1995) highlighted outsourcing as a BP strategy and explained how the BP Exploration Operating Company, $13 billion division of British Petroleum Company explores and produces oil and gas and outsourcers all IT operations in efforts to cut costs and get more flexible higher quality IT resources to improve business. At BP exploration it was decided that the company no longer needed technologies that provided business information to employees and this could be outsourced. There were problems encountered with internal IT departments and the old and new machines as well as the need to focus on technological details rather than wider more important business issues led to the need for outsourcing these to technicians. As far as BPs technology strategy is concerned, BP diverted its IT support through outsourcing. Outsourcing helped in the reshaping of the IT department. At BP information technology was used as utility for operations to develop application and supply processing power as also to provide technology support. This is now given to outsourcing providers and the company buys generic applications or contracts the work. The IT department is expected to improve business rather than be an internal group that simply meets supply of the company. The company however has a different IT strategy and does not rely on a single supplier for all IT needs although this could make BP to escalate its fees and become more rigid in its services. At the same time selective outsourcing and division of IT operations led to strain on management resources. BPs IT strategy focused on buying IT services from multiple suppliers although these could be delivered in a way as if by single supplier. Contractors delivered services to 42 BP businesses worldwide. The subcontracts were also performed effectively and the cornerstone of the BP outsourcing strategy was to use services from multiple suppliers and yet project them as one. The IT department is kept separate from Operations so that the IT managers could independently work on the business rather than get involved in technicalities. Several IT services including large and small providers were used for outsourcing which was however a difficult task but had the benefits of reduced fixed costs, im proved service, and access to new ideas and technologies (Cross, 1995). However the downsides were the technical issues and the danger of operations and management getting loaded with IT problems. 3. Resources and capabilities of BP over the five years, and analysis of the extent to which the company has aligned its resources and capabilities to its business strategies The alignment or use of resources and capabilities to shape business strategies of the company shows that BP placed a great emphasis on infrastructure and profit growth by building its resources and through partnering and strategic alliances. BP has built its larger base by organizing around the smaller business units and the company has several smaller business units that work together and the resources are available easily and quickly. The company follows a decentralization strategy with its various units having independent operations although there are differing views on whether this has been particularly helpful or led to original thinking. New approaches to BP business showed how the BP business could successfully steer through crises although the recent focus has been on BPs strategy towards climate change (Kolk and Levy, 2001). Considering the changes in BP strategy, it has been noted that BP had a politicized bureaucracy managed matrix structure and with the complexity performance declined and the company faced financial crisis. In recent years however BP has reported highest profits $4 billion in the third quarter of 2004 alone. The high prices of crude oil added to the profits although the companys cost efficient operations were key to strong performance. The company also absorbed two oil companies Amoco and Arco and other companies and the acquisitions helped in the expanse and scope and several strategic and organizational changes added to the remarkable turnaround in the companys performance (Roberts, 2005). BPs transformation came as it divested unrelated lines of business and divided business into units with three basic businesses with upstream oil and gas exploration and production, downstream petroleum refining and marketing and petrochemicals. There were different functioning markets and the unit s were run independently adding to the strategic advantage of the company. The company presentations showed that the US refining portfolio was fully operational and US convenience retail helped in reducing marketing footprint with cash costs down by 15% in 2008. $4billion was invested by the company for alternative energy since 2006 and employee count was reduced to 7500 and cash costs were also reduced by billions in 2009, bringing down the overall expenses of the company (Hayward et al, 2010). Among other strategic directions of the company are using solar energy as alternative energy and fuel and BP has been successfully developing the solar energy potential as one of the greener sustainable sources of energy. BP corporate strategy has also been focused on issues of climate change (Kolk and Levy, 2001) and there are two directions to this strategy. One is the potential advantage in corporate reputation and image if BP is projected as green and clean company which controls its business units and functions according to global climate conditions, and the other is the possibility of a new business model within which BP could work and using of solar energy as green energy is already a step towards this motive. In the last five years BP resources and capabilities have changed drastically. Along with addition of BP solar energy, there has been increased investments and increased profits with higher oil prices. BP has also potentially expanded its reach and operations across many new regions and continued to add new resources and capabilities including material and financial to fulfil its strategic directions. The business strategies of BP have been primarily geared towards profitability and corporate responsibility so along with cost leadership, focus, innovation, differentiation and climate change, BP had diversified and categorized its business units along with mergers and acquisitions.